GREELEY COUNTY, KS – When Alicia Allen returned to her family’s farm in western Kansas at age 24, she never expected that a patch of water-holding ground — one her dad had always said “just shouldn’t be farmed” — would turn into a cornerstone of their conservation legacy.

“When I think about the power of playas, it’s really about their ability to recharge the aquifer.”

That water-holding patch is a playa — a shallow, round wetland that fills with rainwater and runoff. Playas are vital for recharging the Ogallala Aquifer and provide essential habitat for wildlife. Even though they may remain dry for extended periods, when filled, they support a rich variety of plants and animals.

“My dad didn’t know what a playa was at first,” Alicia admits, “but he knew that soil was different. It supported wildlife, and it just felt like it needed to be conserved.” That instinct led her father to explore a Wetland Reserve Easement (WRE) through USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) — but enrolling wasn’t straightforward. With half the mineral rights owned by an outside entity, the family spent over a year navigating legal channels before finally securing permission to move forward.

Today, that once-overlooked playa wetland spans about 100 acres including grass buffers, bursting to life with birds and deer after a good rain. “It’s always fun to go there after a storm and just see who shows up,” Alicia says. “It’s like a magnet for wildlife.”

Alicia and her family now have multiple playas enrolled in conservation programs, including a second WRE site added just last year. They’ve also used the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Migratory Birds State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement (SAFE practice to protect additional playas. “They dot the landscape out here,” she says. “You just have to know what you’re looking at.”

But their work goes beyond the technical. For Alicia, playas represent a deeper purpose.

“When I think about the power of playas, it’s really about their ability to recharge the aquifer,” she explains. “Water is life out here. And if we want this place to be sustainable — for my daughter, for the next generation — then we have to take care of that.”

That commitment also means managing challenges. “Some of the maintenance practices available through CRP just aren’t great fits for our region,” she notes. “Interseeding is effective, but it’s expensive. Burning’s risky during dry spells. I wish there were more farmer-friendly, land-friendly options.”

Still, she wouldn’t go back. “You get this sense of pride seeing deer come in for water or ducks resting during migration. It just makes your farm really pretty — and it feels like the right thing.”

Alicia hopes more landowners will consider enrolling their playas, even if the process takes time. “With WRE, it’s a bit of a journey,” she says, “but you’ll be glad you did it. It benefits the land, the wildlife, your operation — and the future.”

That long view is what keeps her going. “In 50 or 60 years, I’ll be gone,” she says, “but what we did with this land — that’s what the next generation will remember. It’s a relationship we’re building, not just with the land, but with those who come after us. And I think that’s exactly how it was meant to be.”

Learn more about Alicia’s story. Listen to a podcast to hear Alicia talk about this topic and watch a video where Alicia and her dad talk about Making a Difference for Future Generations.

On the northwest edge of Kearny County, where the plains stretch flat and wide, farmer Ryan Barnhardt has found a new purpose for the less productive parts of his dryland acres — turning them into wildlife habitat and helping recharge the Ogallala Aquifer through playa conservation.

“It’s relatively flat ground,” Barnhardt said of the area where his playas sit. “One field has some terraces to control erosion when we get heavy thunderstorms. But the playas themselves were never productive, just bare spots or drowned-out crops.”

That’s when Barnhardt started learning more about the ecological value of these features. Playas are vital, temporary wetlands that provide important habitat for wildlife and are a primary source of recharge to the Ogallala Aquifer, a critical water source for western Kansas. These shallow, clay-lined depressions collect runoff from the surrounding area, filtering out contaminants and directing water underground.

About 10 years ago, Barnhardt enrolled in the Migratory Birds, Butterflies and Pollinators Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) State Acres for Wildlife (SAFE) practice through the USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA), which allowed him to take unproductive playas out of rotation and establish grass buffers. For each enrolled playa acre, the program included a buffer of approximately three grassed acres surrounding it.

“The motivation was simple,” Barnhardt said. “There was no benefit in farming those areas. The soil is either too tight and burns up quickly, or they flood out in a heavy rain. Either way, you end up with poor yield and more weeds.”

The shift from marginal farming to conservation has helped not only Barnhardt’s operation but the surrounding ecosystem. While his playas aren’t on irrigated land, he sees clear benefits for aquifer recharge. With vegetation cover in place, more rainfall is absorbed into the soil instead of evaporating or running off.

“That grass cover helps reduce evaporation and gives water more time to soak in,” Barnhardt said. “That’s good for the aquifer, and long-term, for all of us relying on it.”

Wildlife has also found a home among Barnhardt’s playas and buffer zones. Native upland game birds like pheasants and quail are regular visitors, along with migratory waterfowl such as geese. The impact has been notable enough to catch the attention of out-of-state conservationists.

“I recently got a letter from the Bird Conservancy of the Rockies,” he said. “They wanted to come out and observe species using the playas. It’s nice to see others recognizing the value these places bring.”

While the playa conservation program doesn’t significantly boost his bottom line, Barnhardt says it helps offset some maintenance costs and provides a small, steady income stream. Land enrolled in a conservation program doesn’t require the intensive inputs of traditional farming and offers a more consistent return on otherwise unproductive acres.

“There’s some mowing and maintenance, mostly on the buffer strips,” he said. “It’s similar to CRP [Conservation Reserve Program] contracts. Sometimes, those expenses can be cost-shared.”

When asked what he would tell other producers considering enrolling their playas in similar programs, Barnhardt is honest about the considerations.

“The rental rate might not be what it used to be,” he noted. “And if the playa is in the middle of your field, it can be harder to manage around. But overall, I still think there are a lot of advantages.”

Among those benefits, Barnhardt points again to water recharge and wildlife habitat — and the fact that trying to farm playa ground is rarely worth it.

“At the end of the day, it’s just not productive ground,” he said. “The program gives you a consistent income on something you otherwise wouldn’t get much out of. And it’s great to see the wildlife coming back. I’ve had neighbors call me just to ask if they can go bird hunting out there in the fall.”

For Barnhardt, conservation isn’t just a practice — it’s a partnership between land, water, and wildlife. And it’s proving to be one that pays off in more ways than one.

Ryan Barnhardt’s story is just one example of how conserving playas can turn unproductive ground into an asset for both producers and the land. Learn more about how playas support aquifer recharge and wildlife habitat.

Learn more about Ryan’s story. Hear him talk about restoring playas on dryland acres.

In the high plains of western Kansas, where water is a precious and dwindling resource, Joe Zellner Jr. has made a bold and deliberate decision: he shut off all irrigation wells on his deeded land.

Zellner, a Wichita County farmer, once fully embraced irrigation. But over time, he began to witness firsthand the toll it was taking on the Ogallala Aquifer.

“I really embraced irrigation in the 70s,” Zellner said. “But as the years went by, the wells diminished. We kept pulling more water out, and the water table just kept dropping.”

His concerns about long-term water availability — especially drinking water — motivated him to change course. With rising fuel and labor costs making some of his smaller wells economically unviable, Zellner saw an opportunity to take a stand for conservation. He began shutting them off one by one.

“Eventually, I just shut them all off,” he said. “Now I irrigate with just one well — which is on the land that I rent.”

Zellner’s decision didn’t stop with irrigation. He also enrolled his playas — shallow, rain-fed recharge wetlands — in conservation programs. The process, he said, started with attending a few informational meetings.

“I learned that water flowing into playas can help recharge the water table,” he said. “And to be honest, those areas never produced much anyway. Most years, you didn’t get anything out of them.”

That realization helped Zellner see the value of his land’s natural features. Playas are vital, temporary wetlands that provide important habitat for wildlife and are a primary source of recharge to the Ogallala Aquifer, a critical water source for western Kansas. These shallow, clay-lined depressions collect runoff from the surrounding area, filtering out contaminants and directing water underground.

By restoring his playas and planting a native grass buffer around them, Zellner reduced erosion, improved wildlife habitat, and removed the need to continually fight muddy or unproductive patches in his fields.

“We don’t farm through them anymore,” he said. “And with grass buffers around the playas, there’s less risk of topsoil washing in. That keeps the playas intact, and it helps control erosion — even with no-till farming.”

While some farmers worry about lost production, Zellner sees it differently.

“I was probably losing money farming them,” he said. “You’re putting seed, chemical, fertilizer into the ground that hardly returns anything. Economically, it just doesn’t make sense.”

The bigger reward for Zellner, though, has been knowing that his land stewardship may benefit future generations.

“In western Kansas, moisture is always a concern,” he said. “But I believe conservation practices — not just no-till, but protecting playas — will increase the value of our land. In the long run, the land that’s cared for will be worth more.”

He acknowledges that some landowners may still have doubts.

“People think it’ll just become a weed patch, but that’s not true,” Zellner said. “Once the grass is established, it’s better for the environment, and you don’t have to fight it every year.”

Looking ahead, he’s optimistic about the direction of his operation and the future of the land.

“I think yields will keep going up, and we’re saving topsoil, saving moisture,” he said. “With better conservation practices, your profit could actually be more.”

His advice to other producers?

“Don’t worry about losing production ground,” he said. “It’s probably not productive anyway. You’ll save on inputs, and you’ll help protect the resource we all depend on — water.”

He also points out that the greatest impact to the aquifer comes from reduced water usage. Healthy playas can contribute significantly to water conservation efforts, with an average recharge rate of about three inches per year, but reducing pumping is a key part of the equation. By integrating irrigation reduction and playa conservation efforts, we can move toward a more stable aquifer, supporting the long-term needs of communities and rain-fed operations.

Learn more about Joe’s story. Listen to a podcast to hear him talk about shutting off wells to save water. 

After more than 50 years of farming across the playa-filled plains of western Kansas, Mike O’Brate is seeing his land with fresh eyes — and it’s thanks to conservation.

The longtime Finney County producer has spent his career working on the ground his grandfather first farmed in 1948, a legacy that now spans three generations. But recently, O’Brate made the decision to transition 600 acres of playas — shallow, rain-fed recharge wetlands — from crop production into conservation, calling it “the best thing I ever did.”

“I can’t farm that land for what they’re paying me. But it’s not just the money,” O’Brate said. “It’s non-productive ground. It drowns out every year. And now, I’ve got wildlife coming back. I don’t have to fertilize and replant the same wet patches year after year. It just made sense.”

After years of watching certain low spots in his fields cycle through drought and flood, O’Brate began to see them less as a nuisance and more of a natural part of the landscape worth protecting. Playas are vital, temporary wetlands that provide important habitat for wildlife and are a primary source of recharge to the Ogallala Aquifer, a critical water source for western Kansas. These shallow, clay-lined depressions collect runoff from the surrounding area, filtering out contaminants and directing water underground.

O’Brate enrolled in a 15-year playa conservation program that offered a competitive annual payment per acre. Even though the economics supported the choice, O’Brate emphasized the environmental impact — and the timing — as the deciding factors.

“I was ready to slow down a little,” he said. “I’d seen other people enroll. Ducks Unlimited helped a lot. I even got connected with them through the Governor’s Water Conference. The more I learned, the more it felt right.”

As a board member of the Groundwater Management District No. 3 (GMD3) for the past 27 years, O’Brate has a unique view of the region’s water challenges. He’s seen the Ogallala Aquifer decline year after year, and he believes playa restoration offers a long-term tool in the state’s water conservation strategy.

“Those lakes may take 30 years to soak in, but they will recharge our aquifer,” O’Brate said. “You’ve got to start somewhere.”

O’Brate has already seen signs of strain. Wells that once recovered over winter, now stay low. Some of his land will likely come out of irrigation in the next few years and return to dryland cropping.

As the state water conservation goals steer producers to work toward “Q-stable” — the amount of pumping that results in no aquifer decline — he says water policy will need to evolve with the realities farmers face.

“I’ve talked to Sen. Jerry Moran and Sen. Roger Marshall about it,” he said. “If they want people to get serious about conservation, the payment limits need to be updated. That’s how you get more neighbors to sign up.”

He sees payment caps as barriers that limit broader adoption of conservation efforts.

“The $50,000 limit was set back in the 1980s. That doesn’t stretch far today,” he said. “I’d love to do more, but I’m limited with a cap.”

The benefits, he said, are visible. Antelope, deer and waterfowl now frequent his playa acres. The land, once a repeated source of planting losses, now requires no inputs and supports biodiversity in a region where wildlife habitat is sparse.

“Out here, we don’t have trees. We can’t have turkeys. But these playas bring in so much,” he said.

At 73, O’Brate said he’s not planning major changes but still has more ground he could enroll in playa conservation programs. With many acres of CRP behind him and terraced fields across his operation, he’s focused on maintaining the work already done.

“I think I’ll be good for a while,” he said with a chuckle. “But I’d still like to see more people get involved. These playas are worth protecting — for our farms and our future.”

For producers like Mike O’Brate, conserving playas isn’t just good stewardship — it’s a smart investment in the future of western Kansas.

Learn more about Mike’s story. Hear him talk about restoring playas after a lifetime on the land.

Mark Smith has farmed and run cattle in Wallace County, Kansas, for many years. He believes preserving his playas strengthens his operation, preserves history, and leaves a legacy for future generations. “These playas have been a great source of water and wildlife for people for thousands of years. And it just makes sense to put them in a program, to protect that. We need to restore these playas so they can actually have the drying, the cracking, letting in the water for the recharge, have all the wildlife. I want to be able to leave a legacy, that I took care of this land and I left it better than I received it.”

Tony Winter has farmed near Leoti, Kansas, most of his life and participates in the Wichita County Water Conservation Area (WCA). The group’s goal is to reduce water use and provide a sustainable future for the town of Leoti. “I see water as the main issue for survival of Leoti. Water keeps our local economy going. We have to preserve our water or there won’t be future generations out here. Playas definitely play a role in extending the aquifer. We’re voluntarily reducing our water usage and the playa program is another great way to prolong our water table.”